Construction and working of hydroelectric power plant pdf

Figure 6 outlines the basic components of a hydropower plant. Three main types of highhead power developments may be discerned. These are dam, pressure tunnel, surge tank, valve house, penstock, and powerhouse. By the late 1940s, the best sites for big dams had been developed.

However the hydro electric power plant have the following disadvantages. Hydro power plant construction working and history of. Low head refers to a change in elevation of less than 10 feet 3 meters. There several important components of the hydroelectric power plant which we will go over in this brief and informative article.

Mar 04, 2020 construction wise a gas turbine power plant is much simpler than a steam turbine power plant. Hydroelectric power comes from water at work, water in motion. A notable current diversion project is the construction of the niagara. In a typical mhs micro hydropower system the water from the source is diverted by weir through an opening intake into a canal fox, 2004. The major components of this power plant are boiler, steam turbine, condenser and water feed pump. Pdf introduction energy is a critical factor in developing countries for economic. To meet our needs and support our built environment, we need electricity which can be generated by using the resources of natural fuels. The 10 biggest hydroelectric power plants in the world. This module explains the history of hydroelectric power plant.

Layout and working of hydroelectric power plant the above image shows the typical layout of a hydroelectric power plant and its basic components. Hydroelectricity is electricity produced from hydropower. In the following decades, many more hydroelectric plants were built. However, derated capacity is approximately 31 gw during the year. The big advantage of hydro power is the water which the main stuff to produce electricity in hydro power plant is free, it not contain any type of pollution and after generated electricity the price of electricity is average not too much high. A micro sized plant is one that generates less than 100 kw of electricity and would typically be used to power 12 houses. Power generation by the hydro plant is only dependent. Preparation of operation and maintenance manual for civil engineering works. In order to improve the economic viability, we have developed a new concept to improve the manufacturing and construction efficiency of hydro turbine and generator sets for small scale hydroelectric power generation, through a mass production approach. The cost of generation of ener gy after four decades. Hydro power some facts and figures current world hydropower production 2006 3000 twh about 20% of the worlds electricity and about 88% of electricity from renewable sources 777 gwe of capacity in 150 countries us capacity 100,451 mwe 2009 17 78,951 mwe conventional hydro 21,500 mwe pumped storage. Introduction in hydro power plant the water is utilized to move the turbines which in turn run the electric generators. Apr 10, 2015 working of hydroelectric power plant 1.

Metka is active in the execution of large epc projects for the construction of power generation plants and its turnkey capability extends across the full range of thermal power generation technologies, as well as hydro and solar power generation. Fossil fuels like coal, oil, natural gases are burnt in the boiler, a hot flue gases thus generated are used to heat the feed water. First, we wanted to address the general environmental concerns of any hydroelectric power plant. The turbine drives the alternator coupled with it and converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.

May 14, 2014 hydro energy is the energy generated by force of water used for power generation. Six important components of hydroelectric power plants. The efficiency of todays hydroelectric plant is about 90 percent. As an historical note, the initial first drafts of this guide were coordinated with the asce hydro power development committee and the asme hydropower technical. In hydroelectric power station the kinetic energy developed due to gravity in a falling water from higher to lower head is utilised to rotate a. Total efficiency of conversion equipment as a function of the turbine flow. This collaborative success on the water management level is amplified by a global trend for electricity interconnection between countries. Settipeta mini hydro station producing the capacity of kw was constructed to. Hydroelectric power plant construction work construction. While large storage hydro may offer the broadest benefits to society, it also tends to present the biggest risks. For construction of mini hydro power plant first we choose the area where the water is. There wiii be damage to the dam itseif, the sector part spiiiways, the power station inciuding turbines, generators, controi equipment etc. Nothing is perfect, so its ordinary to meet some drawbacks of hydroelectric power plant like. The following points should be taken into account while selecting the site for a hydro electric power station.

The system can produce additional power up to 40 %. Foreword hydroelectric power 1 foreword the opportunities are great. The water turbine changes the kinetic energy of the falling water into mechanical energy at the turbine shaft. Hydroelectricity is the most widely used form of renewable energy. In both cases a power source is used to turn a propellerlike piece called a turbine, which then turns a metal shaft in an electric generator, which is the motor that produces electricity. Hydroelectric plants do not create air pollution, the fuelfalling wateris not consumed, projects have long lives relative to other. Introduction to unit 1 introduction to power plants power plants structure 1. Following are some of the main components of the hydroelectric power plant. General layout and profile of a highhead diversion canal development the main parts of a high. The water turbine changes the kinetic energy of the falling water into. But hydropower development poses complex challenges and risks. This is after a framework agreement was signed between the madagascan authorities and the new onive hydroelectric energy consortium, composed of eiffage, eranove and themis companies towards the development. The article includes definition, working principle, diagram, advantages, disadvantages, application, pdf of hydro power plant. Water flowing in the river is comprised of kinetic energy and potential energy.

Cost of generation per kwh for hydro station and thermal station are in the ratio 1. The energy generated fission process of fissile atom such as. There are only six primary components required to construct a hydroelectric power plant. At its height in the early 1940s, hydropower provided 33 percent of this countrys electricity. It is the power plant which is used to generate electricity by the use steam turbine. Made by hira farooq hussan ara sheikh javeria manahil samavia razzaq 2. Pln, as the employer utilizes multi package type of contract on hydro electric power plant project, due to. Working principle of hydroelectric power plant your. Large projects usually involve major civil engineering works with high labour and material costs and this represents the major part of the overall cost. Design, construction and testing of generator for hydropower plant moreover, the voltage rating, the current rating and frequency ratings are measured at three power rating of electrical loads.

Hydro energy is the energy generated by force of water used for power generation. Google books,hydro power plant pdfs download searches related. A coalfired power plant uses steam to turn the turbine blades. This raises the possibility that power plant developers will continue to follow the pattern of the 1990s and rely heavily on natural gas plants to meet the need for new generating capacity with current technology, coalfired power plants using carbon capture equipment are an. We offer to our clients to take advantage of offer to build turnkey, thereby you can save up to 30% from the sum of the project. If you are preparing for any government exam, then knowing about the important hydro electric, thermal and nuclear power plants in. This steam under high pressure then expanded in stem turbine to rotate the continue reading construction and working of thermal power plant. We decided to weigh the benefits and drawbacks to the flora and fauna affected by the construction of a plant. Since the primary requirement of a hydro electric power station is the availability of huge quantity of water, such plants. Completion for these projects is expected between 20 and 2017. Construction of sahofika hydroelectric plant in madagascar to begin in december. The first hydroelectric power plant was built on the fox river in appleton, wi in 1882.

Dec 30, 2018 hydro power plant construction working and history of hydro power plant december 30, 2018 february 24, 2012 by electrical4u in hydroelectric power station the kinetic energy developed due to gravity in a falling water from higher to lower head is utilised to rotate a turbine to produce electricity. Construction of sahofika hydroelectric plant in madagascar to. This is after a framework agreement was signed between the madagascan authorities and the new onive hydroelectric energy consortium, composed of eiffage, eranove and themis companies towards the development the hydroelectric project will be situated near tananarive, the capital of madagascar. Technical specifications of micro hydropower system design. There wiii be damage to the dam itseif, the sector partspiiiways, the power station inciuding turbines, generators, controi equipment etc. Although the book title and its supporting examples are specifically power plant oriented, the fundamental theories and practices discussed within are applicable to any construction endeavor, from power plant construction to road building, from refinery construction to chemical process plant expansions, and for commercial and municipal. Hydropower plants are unique, the planning and construction is expensive and the. Time needed to build and finish a hydroelectric plant is too long it may take 18 years. In a hydro power plant, water head is created by building a dam across a river or lake.

Hydroelectric power plants are categorized according to size. This difference in height, also known as the head of water, decides the total amount of power that can be generated in the hydroelectric power plant. In hydroelectric power plants the potential energy of water is utilized to produce electricity. Renewable non polluting national domestic oldest reliable flexible. Conventional power generation coal, gas, lignite nuclear power plants and facilities onshore and offshore wind farms solar thermal and photovoltaic power plants other renewable energy generation biomass, geothermal, hydro oil and gas installations and pipelines we are among the best in supporting you in staff selection and coaching. Hydropower plants are generally considered to be capitalintensive power projects because most of the cost is associated with the construction of the plant and very little with its operation. Creation of reservoirs sometimes means resettlement of whole communities, the. Hydro power plant construction working and history of hydro. Chapter 5 hydropower ipcc intergovernmental panel on climate. In obtaining resources, it is often necessary to drill oil wells, tap natural gas supplies, or mine coal. Currently, japan promote the policy to make the best use of renewable energy resources as a effective measure to reduce the co2 emission in our efforts to realize the low carbon society.

Distribution of residents from three sites analyzed to verify the change in resource use after the construction of the belo monte hydroelectric plant. Mar 18, 2017 thermal power plant uses steam energy for the generation of the electricity. Ieee guide for the rehabilitation of hydroelectric power. Design, construction and testing of generator for hydropower plant. To achieve maximum power and efficiency, the turbine blades are designed in such a way that water jet velocity is twice the velocity of rotating buckets. The dam is an artificial concrete barrier constructed across the way of the river.

Design and construction of mini hydropower plant with. Hydroelectric power plant in hindi, working and construction. Pakistan had a total installed power generation capacity of over 34 gw by december 2018. The size of a gas turbine power plant is smaller than that of a steam turbine power plant. Hydro station has special requirement of site which usually is an isolated area with difficult access. Pelton turbine, where the water available at the high head is from 150 m to 2000 m in a hydroelectric power plant.

Hydropower is a renewable source of energy, which is economical, nonpolluting and environmentally benign among all renewable sources of energy. Introduction to the specifics of small hydro power plants shpp. During the latest revision of the guide, it this introduction is not part of ieee std 11472005, ieee guide for the rehabilitation of hydroelectric power. Hydroelectric powerplants are the most efficient means of producing electric energy. However, for extremely small power generation amounts, a flowing stream with as.

Hydroelectric power station hydroelectric power station in india hydroelectric power station advantages and disadvantages how does a hydroelectric power station work hydroelectric power station pdf hydroelectric power station wikipedia hydroelectric power station definition. Design and construction of mini hydropower plant with propeller turbine, pp. Hydroelectric power plant definition, principle, usage. Estimation of the water flow rate the water flow rate q can be estimated in different ways but a more suitable method could be measuring. Shows all parts of hydro electric power plant use only for understanding 1. The three gorges dam in central china is the worlds largest powerproducing facility of any kind. The above image shows the typical layout of a hydroelectric power plant and its basic components. The theme of this paper is the design and construction of a hydro power plant with emphasis on the generator. Power plant construction management a survival guide.

Construction and operation of hydro power dams and plants. Most continents are working to build transmission lines between countries and to pool power. Construction works hydroelectric power plant construction work. Static general knowledge is the integral part of all the government exams like ssc exams, ibps exams and other competition exams. Steam power plant construction,working, advantages and. Construction of sahofika hydroelectric plant in madagascar. Components of a hydropower plant and their functions.

In most hydroelectric power plants there is more than one power generation unit. Worldwide, hydropower produces 24% of worlds electricity, supplying 1 billion people with electricity. Jun 06, 2019 construction of sahofika hydroelectric plant in madagascar to begin in december. Singlephase power is satisfactory on small installations up to 20kw, but beyond this, 3phase power is used to reduce transmission losses and to be suitable for larger electric motors. In 2012, hydroelectric power plants contributed about 16% of the total electricity generation in the world. Mar 29, 2018 disadvantages of hydroelectric power plant. Nov 22, 2016 contents introduction hydro power plant in india essential elements of hydro power plant working diagrammatical working of hydro power plant advantages disadvantages 4. Initial cost of the plant including the cost of dam is high. The budarhals hydroelectric plant is located in the lower highlands of southern iceland on the rivers tungnaa and kaldakvisl. The catchment area behind the dam creates a huge water reservoir. A shift pattern is devised to work at all available time for continuous working system and optimum utilization of men and machinery.

Estimation of the water flow rate the water flow rate q can be estimated in different ways but a. Hydroelectric power plants are generally located in hilly areas where dams can be built easily and large water reservoirs can be made. Working of hydroelectric power plant linkedin slideshare. Control rods are the most important part of a nuclear reactor in nuclear power plant, and are made up of barium or cadmium. In simple words, falling water spins the water turbine. Hydroelectric power plant definition, working diagram. A gas turbine power plant does not have any boiler like component, and hence, the accessories associated with the boiler are absent here. There are a large variety of hydropower plants constructed in the world, in terms. Pdf design, construction and testing of generator for. The natural gasfired combined cycle power plant, the most commonly built type of large natural gas plant, is a competitive generating technology under a wide variety of assumptions for fuel price, construction cost, government incentives, and carbon controls. Stateofthe artpowerhouse, dam structure, and turbine operation. The approach to contracting can vary but typically a project is divided into three to.

Finaam corporation prepares and provides funding for the construction turnkey small hydroelectric plants up to 5 mw, medium up to 25 mw and large 25 mw and above power as well as pumped storage power plants. Hydroelectric plants do not create air pollution, the fuelfalling wateris not consumed, projects have long lives relative to other forms of energy generation, and hydroelectric generators respond quickly to changing system conditions. The most important part of the hydroelectric power plant is the dam, which acts as the water reservoir. Main types of high head power plant developments power plants operating under a head higher than 50 m may be termed as highhead power plants.

For efficient operation of hydropower plants, in order to meet the electricity. Jun 03, 2018 friends is video me ham hydroelectric power plant ke bare me discuss karne wale hai, hydroelectric power plant kaise work karta hai and iska construction kaisa hai, is video ko dekhne ke bad apke. Metka also undertakes projects for the rehabilitation and upgrading of existing power plants. Pdf communityowned hydropower plant is the most suitable power source for communities living in the rural and hilly. Solar power plant main components, working, advantages and disadvantages. Nuclear power plants the most used types of reactors for power production in the world are boiling water reactors and pressurised water reactors. Aug 20, 2019 the applications of pelton wheel turbine is as follows. Hydro electric power plants hydroelectric power is achieved by converting the potential and kinetic energy of water by electromechanical means. For efficient operation of hydropower plants, in order to meet the electricity demand, the hydro energy is stored either in reservoirs for dam based schemes.

This raises the possibility that power plant developers will continue. Unit 1 introduction to power plants introduction to. After determining the plant and equipments further planning for optimum utilization of the plant and equipment. And its one of the oldest and cheapest renewable energy sources used for producing energy, and also used for irrigation and operation of various mechanical devices like gristmill, textile mills, domestic lifts. Hydro electric power is cheaper as compared with a fuel burning plant. Civil construction work on the plant itself began in november 2010 and startup took place in march, 2014. Aug 09, 2016 in this article we will study about the construction, working, efficiency, advantages and disadvantages of steam power plant. This article describes the most important components of hydroelectric power plants and how they work to convert energy from water into electric energy. Hydraulic energy is a very attractive source of energy because it is.