Our ordinary beliefs rest on grounds follow from premisses are held to be valid in virtue of their connection with other truths. All agree that the torah is not a unified work from a. The original documentary hypothesis suggested a mere four sources behind the pentateuch. When laplace showed napoleon his treatise on celestial mechanics, napoleon asked him what place god had in his theory. Religious tolerance research papers for world religion studies. Religious tolerance in islamreligious tolerance in islam one of the most important aspects of the human rights issue is the respect and tolerance which society must show towards the religions of other people. Jan 02, 2020 the documentary hypothesis calls into question the testimonies of jesus, peter, and paul, for all of them testified that moses wrote at least three of the books of the pentateuch. Julius wellhausen effectively called the old testament torah a big lie. Joseph ratzinger pope benedict xvi is widely recognized as one of the most brilliant theologians and spiritual leaders of our age. A 2016 study conducted by the public religion research institute found that a quarter of the subjects surveyed claimed no religious affiliation, and this surprising. The nazis used the hypothesis to promote their beliefs that the hebrew scriptures old testament was a collection of legends, myths, hero stories, and fictional material. The work that brought his views to the attention of the. E, or elohist, a slightly later priest who preferred elohim as the divine name, and viewed god as more. E was dated somewhat later, in the 9th century bce, and d was dated just before the.
God and religious tolerationchristianity wikibooks, open. Americas true history of religious tolerance history. J gets its name because it uses and allows humans to use the name jahwe in german before israel exists see genesis 4. The challenges brought to bear on the documentary hypothesis by hermann gunkel 18521932 are perhaps the most significant. After all, if people were allowed to choose their own religious values, if values became a commodity open to competition, then civil chaos and conflict would inevitably ensue. Americas true history of religious tolerance the idea that the united states has always been a bastion of religious freedom is reassuringand utterly at odds with the historical record. Sisk, ed forthcoming, georgetown university press, 2011. The documentary hypothesis, on the other hand, asserts that the torah is the product of different individuals reflecting, among other things, different cultures, lore, and agendas. Request pdf theory and praxis of religious tolerance more often than not. The documentary hypothesis is liberal theologys attempt to call the veracity of the pentateuch into question. A study of documentary hypothesis written and compiled by gary kukis these studies are designed for believers in jesus christ only. In almost no country in the arabislamic world, has religious tolerance ever been the problem that it so often gets propagated to be 2,10,15,28,32,43,125,140. The documentary hypothesis, and the identity of the pentateuchs authors.
They generally accept the documentary hypothesis which asserts that the pentateuch was written by a group of four authors, from various locations in palestine, over a period of centuries. The religious hypothesis in its narrowest form is that the universe was designed and created by an intelligence. In biblical studies, the supplementary hypothesis proposes that the pentateuch the first five books of the bible was derived from a series of direct additions to an existing corpus of work. From prechristian times to the beginning of the nineteenth century it was accepted by nearly everyone that moses was the author ofnearly all the pentateuch. Religious and ethnic tolerance in world history arabislamic vs. Documentary source theory that proposes the first five books of the bible pentateuch, torah were not written by moses, but rather four independent authors and a redactor.
More recent models include the supplementary hypothesis and the fragmentary hypothesis. Documentary hypothesis gained momentum under the dutch jewish philosopher benedict spinoza tractatus theologicopoliticus, chap. The documentary hypothesis a critique julius wellhausen 1844 1918 an architect of modern biblical criticism the documentary hypothesis proposes that the torah was written by several different authors between about 950 bce through 450 bce, at which point it was assembled into the present single document, probably by ezra. Really, it is long past time for us to stop referring to it as a hypothesis. If you have exercised faith in christ, then you are in the right place. Scientific forms of the religious hypothesis 6apr2008. Why the documentary hypothesis is the frankenstein of biblical studies duane garrett duane garrett a is a professor of old testament at gordon conwell theological seminary. In addition to educating students about world religions, these courses should emphasize the need for religious tolerance and the means by which students can cultivate respect for the religious rights of others without compromising their own faiths. Universal rights in a world of diversity the case of religious freedom 155 religion and politics in china hsinchi kuan introduction the state of religious freedom in china could be compared to a glass of water.
Documentary hypothesis source theory proposes the first five books of the bible were not written by moses, but rather four independent authors and a redactor. But for the first time in human history we have the documentary. Religious tolerance in contemporary america via sapientiae. Another form is that some superhuman power frequently intervenes in life on earth. The documentary hypothesis, abandoned in much pentateuchal scholarship of the last 40 years, is making a significant resurgence, although in a new and more precisely argued form. The documentary hypothesis within the spectrum of biblical scholarship. The documentary hypothesis claims that the pentateuch is a composite of four separate, complete, and coherent documents. In my opinion, it is a fabrication based on false presuppositions and inaccurate analysis. World views and values of the non religious are generally derived from epistemological systems with no religious affiliation.
Abstract religious tolerance in islam can be looked at from two perspectives. The documentary hypothesis has a number of problems some of which, the original documentary theoryists could not have been aware of in the century in which they wrote. Current thought about the documentary hypothesis richard elliott friedman tigay discusses why it is called the documentary hypothesis in his introduction, referring to its hypothetical methodology p. This is the politically correct position that all beliefs and life styles should be accepted no matter how. Christianity is a religion with many different sides. Kenneth collins points one out in his essay, the torah in modern scholarship find link to the full essay lower on this page. Theories, practices and malaysias experiences as a multi racial society ammar fadzil.
In the first ever documentary survey of religious intolerance from the colonial era to the present. Secularism is primarily based in belief in the separation of church and state. Genesis, exodus, leviticus, numbers, and deuteronomy. Religion of israel, from its beginnings to the babylonian exile, in which he argued that. Speaker profile leaders of tomorrow 1 clinton highlights religious freedom, tolerance as u. The need for an instrument to measure religious tolerance 3 the steps of constructing an instrument for measuring religious tolerance among teachers and students pupils 6 1. Has european scholarship abandoned the documentary hypothesis.
American narratives often celebrate the nations rich heritage of religious freedom. Our ordinary beliefs rest on grounds follow from premisses are held to be. The problem with religious tolerance the chronicle of. We also have no need for it, because science has been successful, and science is the best approach to solving the mysteries. The promotion of religious tolerance and nondiscrimination. The documentary hypothesis suggests that the first five books of the old testament were originally independent accounts that were later edited or redacted by a later editor or editors. Values 2 religious freedom laws help create culture of tolerance 2 more resources 3 about information resource center irc 4 inside this issue. The documentary hypothesis is a theory, also known as jedp, states that the first five books of the bible, called the pentateuch consisting of genesis, exodus, leviticus, numbers, and. He has served the international mission board by teaching in southern baptist seminaries in both korea and canada. Also a look at the famous people who have promoted greater tolerance and acceptance of different philosophies and religious traditions. Religious and ethnic tolerance in world history four. Lecture 6 scientific hypothesis and religious faith a faith. In the first ever documentary survey of religious intolerance from the colonial era to the present, volume editors john corrigan and lynn s.
Religious diversity and tolerance feisal abdul rauf. There is, however, a less told and often ignored part of the story. The documentary hypothesis, along with the jedp theory, denies that moses wrote the pentateuch and instead ascribes its authorship to four or more different authorsredactors spread out over several hundreds of years. Towards an instrument for measuring religious tolerance among. It contradicts what jesus said, and it is an unreliable way to analyze a document that is thousands of years old. The documentary hypothesis posited that the pentateuch is a compilation of four originally independent documents. For this reason, the documentary hypothesis is incompatible with traditional catholicism. The difference between a scientific hypothesis and religious faith seems to be fundamental. Religion and politics in china pontifical academy of. The first of these, j, was dated to the solomonic period c. Lecture 6 scientific hypothesis and religious faith a.
Theory and praxis of religious tolerance request pdf. Religious tolerance in many philosophical circles is now known as the new tolerance. There are the mystics, politicians, missionaries and charitable christians. The fastest growing religion in the united states seems to be no religion at all. Both judaism and christianity assumed that the pentateuch the first five books of the hebrew scriptures old testament were written by moses, as the bible itself states. Religious literacy is defined as zthe ability to discern and analyse the fundamental intersections of religion and socialpoliticalcultural life through multiple. Pdf tolerance education through islamic religious education. Jewish history and tradition also credit moses as the author of the pentateuch, giving no support whatsoever to the documentary hypothesis. Old testament criticism exposed as being purely ideological, materialistic and antisupernaturalist. Religious tolerance really should be a moral imperative as well, since intolerance is so very bad. Tonight i would like to talk very briefly about the islamic point of view on religious tolerance.
The documentary hypothesis is a theory that states that the first five books of the bible were not written completely by moses but by different authors. The first ten chapters of the book of genesis are reprinted in the following essays. Beliefs of mainline and liberal theologians they generally accept the documentary hypothesis which asserts that the pentateuch was written by a group of four authors, from various locations in palestine, over a period of centuries. The medieval christians led bloody wars among themselves, made crusades against the islam, exterminated indigenous peoples in the colonization, killed in witch hunts many innocent women and recorded themselves in the inquisition processes by particular cruelty. The origin of religious tolerance foundation for economic. If you have not, then you need to heed the words of our lord, who said, for god so loved the. Measuring religious tolerance in education driestar hogeschool.
Are practicing catholics more tolerant of other religions than the rest. With a backdrop of religious misinterpretation, a lack of understanding of the parable nature of scriptures, and limited knowledge of hebrew, spinoza concluded that all of the old testament, from genesis to. World views and values of the nonreligious are generally derived from epistemological systems with no religious affiliation. Islam and the documentary hypothesis religious forums. Instead, it describes the yahwist as having borrowed from an array of written and oral traditions, combining them into the j source. Frankel deism and changes in religious tolerance in america assess whether god exists is a testable hypothesis tolerance towards others. As pope he authored the bestselling jesus of nazareth. It doesnt forbid us to criticize falsehoods if religion is used to justify. It is once again taking its place as a significant theory of the composition of the pentateuch. But tolerance doesnt tell us that just because the belief is religious, theres no way to pronounce on its truth. The book presents the research and findings of research and analysis on religious leaders roles in exacerbating or mitigating conflict in thematic and casestudy chapters.
The theory also provides real guidance to policy makers because it shows. Pacem in terris, fifty years later 291 religious tolerance and nondiscrimination as a fundamental factor to ensure tranquillitas ordinis antees social peace with the sword and, at same time, is absolutus, absolved from any obedience to any other authority, whether civil or religious. Religious and ethnic tolerance in world history four winds. Vedas and upanishads give one of the earliest philosophies of unity in diversity. Religious tolerance documentary hypothesis essay religious tolerance faith and freedom religious liberty in america by marvin e. Paper masters feels that the best way to go about it is to approach it from a philosophical standpoint. One of our hypotheses is that the roman catholic second vatican council and its.
Religious leaders, conflict, and peacemaking timothy d. By the year 1919, when the german nazi party was founded, the documentary hypothesis was widely accepted among german theologians. I would therefore expect it to be incompatible with islam because anything that challenges the status of torah as divine revelation indirectly challenges the quran. So, from a purely practical point of view, tolerance gets everyone far further than intolerance. Laplace replied that he had no need for that hypothesis. Writers of the book of genesis ontario consultants on. Religious tolerance religious tolerance is an individualized sense of acceptance of alternate beliefs, even if one does not practice them oneself. The supplementary hypothesis denies the existence of an extensive elohist e source, one of the four independent sources described in the documentary hypothesis. Nonreligiousness is the lack of religious principles or practices, and being uninvolved with religious matters. The pal al principle confirms the longstanding theory of social. He studied under ewald at the university of gottingen, and later served as professor at greifswald, halle, marburg, and gottingen. A critical assessment of the grafwellhausen documentary. Neal define religious intolerance and explore its history and manifestations, including hate speech, discrimination, incarceration, expulsion, and violence.
The documentary hypothesis dh is one of the models historically used by biblical scholars to explain the origins and composition of the torah or pentateuch, the first five books of the bible. The antiislam film and islamophobia retrieved from. The process of imposing homogeneous values led only to conflict and religious wars. World religions fact sheet formatted teaching tolerance. A mature science, according to kuhns hypothesis, is one in which there exists a dominant paradigma conceptual framework that informs the scientist of what to expect as he engages in his or her scientific inquiry. Voltaire argued that precisely the opposite was true. It serves as a revision to the earlier documentary hypothesis, which proposed that independent and complete narratives were later combined by redactors to create the pentateuch. Briefly stated, the documentary hypothesis sees the torah as having been composed. Strategy for promoting religious tolerance between muslims and christians in nigeria1 kazaure in pale blue binder. This is a brief look at the documentary hypothesis. There are many ways to approach writing a research paper on religious tolerance. Pdf on jan 1, 2016, saepul anwar and others published tolerance education through islamic religious education in indonesia find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate.
How the bible was discovered to be a collection of. The jepd theory a long tradition holds that the five books of the pentateuch or torah genesis, exodus, leviticus. A look at the history of religious tolerance in both the east and west. Those who support the documentary hypothesis theory generally suggest four specific sources represented by the letters jedp. This paper analyses the incentives that shaped hindu and muslim interaction in indias towns from the rise of islam to the rise of european intervention in the 17th century. The authors of genesis, according to the documentary hypothesis.
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